Reporters have presented as teachers or students to get an inside view of what goes on in schools and colleges.
Redpath, Olcott, Richardson and Thomson all went South for the New York Tribune and produced reporting undercover in the run-up to the Civil War.
These are examples of undercover reportage that were considered to have crossed ethical lines or that caused major legal wrangles.
Reporter efforts to get inside the world of lobbyists, both on Capitol Hill and in the statehouses.
In efforts to get inside the fold, reporters have fellow-traveled with religious groups, posing as members or prospective recruits.
Across the world, journalists have used undercover techniques to expose individual predators and as well as major sex crime rings.
Medicare and Medicaid fraud have been perennial reporting topics since the 1960s, often requiring undercover techniques to amass specific details.
Journalism that required costuming or even physical transformation by reporters reporting on racial, ethnic, gender or social groups not their own.
