These are examples of undercover reportage that were considered to have crossed ethical lines or that caused major legal wrangles.
Journalism that required costuming or even physical transformation by reporters reporting on racial, ethnic, gender or social groups not their own.
Waste, fraud, graft, laxity, dilapidated conditions, corruption: Reporters have often used undercover tactics to investigate.
Reporters encounter or inhabit the lives of very hard-laboring others.
The work of groups such as James O'Keefe's Project Veritas and Lila Rose's LiveAction and their undercover operations.
Medicare and Medicaid fraud have been perennial reporting topics since the 1960s, often requiring undercover techniques to amass specific details.
Reporters have taken the undercover route from slaughterhouses and chicken- and pork-processing plants to fast-food chains and supermarkets to understand the system.
Journalists have devised any number of ruses to get inside hospitals and clinics -- as patients or staff members.
